Life sciences 10 topics
Life sciences
Bioinformatics
10 topics 15 math concepts connects to 4 fields
Bioinformatics applies computational and statistical methods to biological data — DNA sequences, protein structures, gene expression. Bayesian inference and graph algorithms are among its central tools.
Topics in this field
Comparative Genomics
Measuring evolutionary divergence between genomes through synteny, substitution rates, and neutrality tests.
probability theory markov chains hypothesis testing
Genome-Wide Association Studies
Statistical methods for linking genetic variants to traits or diseases across the entire genome.
hypothesis testing linear algebra probability theory
Hidden Markov Models in Bioinformatics
Probabilistic sequence models for gene finding, CpG island detection, and profile-based database search.
markov chains probability theory information theory
Motif Finding
Statistical and probabilistic methods for discovering recurring sequence patterns in DNA and protein data.
probability theory information theory bayes theorem
Network Biology
Graph-theoretic analysis of protein-protein interaction networks, hub genes, and community structure.
graph theory network theory linear algebra
Phylogenetics
Inferring evolutionary trees from molecular sequences using substitution models and likelihood methods.
markov chains probability theory optimization
Protein Structure Prediction
Energy minimization, force fields, and deep learning approaches for predicting 3D protein structure from sequence.
optimization differential geometry probability theory
RNA-Seq Differential Expression
Statistical modelling of read counts to identify genes that change expression between conditions.
probability theory hypothesis testing optimization
Sequence Alignment
Dynamic programming algorithms for aligning DNA, RNA, and protein sequences to find optimal matches.
linear programming probability theory optimization
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Dimensionality reduction, clustering, and trajectory inference for high-dimensional single-cell transcriptomic data.
linear algebra eigenvalues graph theory